BLM Technical References

Southwest Colorado’s Alpine Loop National Backcountry Byway Technical references were developed in 1986 to expand on the concepts underlying technical notes. Technical references generally are lengthier than technical notes and may be produced as a collection of related documents about one subject, issued under a single BLM subject code. Although the information contained in a technical reference cannot establish policy, it can become policy through subsequent issuance as a directive, such as an instruction memorandum from the Washington Office or a BLM manual section.

For assistance accessing technical references, please contact the BLM Library. Print copies of select technical references may be available for purchase; for more information, contact the BLM's Printed Materials Distribution Services (PMDS) at BLM_OC_PMDS@blm.gov. BLM employees may also visit the internal PMDS website for more information about acquiring printed materials.

The BLM Technical References listed below are organized as follows:

BLM Technical Reference Number
Title
Author
Date

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT (1703)/ ABANDONED MINE LAND MANAGEMENT (3720)

BLM Technical Reference 1703-2 / 3720-2
Developing a CERCLA Enforcement Case for Cost Avoidance/Cost Recovery
Youngdahl
2008

BLM Technical Reference 1703-1 / 3720-1
Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements: Determining Which Federal and State Regulations Apply in the Cleanup Process
Innis
2007

INTEGRATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (1730)

BLM Technical Reference 1730-3
Landscaping with Native Plants of the Intermountain Region
Parkinson
2003

BLM Technical Reference 1730-2
Biological Soil Crusts: Ecology and Management
Belnap
2001

BLM Technical Reference 1730-1
Measuring and Monitoring Plant Populations
Elzinga
1998

INTEGRATED RESOURCE DATA (1731)

BLM Technical Reference 1731-1
Mineral Deposit Types: Know Their Characteristics
Fisher and Juilland
1986

INVENTORY AND MONITORING COORDINATION (1734)

BLM Technical Reference 1734-9
Describing Indicators of Rangeland Health
Lepak et al.
2024

BLM Technical Reference 1734-8
Monitoring Manual for Grassland, Shrubland and Savanna Ecosystems 2nd Edition
Herrick
2021

BLM Technical Reference 1734-7
Ecological Site Inventory
Habich
2001

BLM Technical Reference 1734-6 rev.
Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health [Version 5]
Pellant
rev. 2020

BLM Technical Reference 1734-4
Sampling Vegetation Attributes [Supersedes BLM Technical Reference 4400-4]
Interagency
rev. 1999

BLM Technical Reference 1734-3
Utilization Studies and Residual Measurements [Supercedes BLM Technical Reference 4400-3]
Interagency
1996

RENEWABLE RESOURCE MONITORING (1735)

BLM Technical Reference 1735-3
AIM National Aquatic Monitoring Framework: Field Protocol for Lentic Riparian and Wetland Systems
Reynolds et al.
2024

BLM Technical Reference 1735-2
AIM National Aquatic Monitoring Framework: Field Protocol for Wadeable Lotic Systems
Miller et al.
2021

BLM Technical Reference 1735-1
AIM National Aquatic Monitoring Framework: Introducing the Framework and Indicators for Lotic Systems
Miller et al.
2015

RIPARIAN AREA MANAGEMENT (1737)

BLM Technical Reference 1737-23
Multiple Indicator Monitoring of Stream Channels and Streamside Vegetation
Burton
rev. 2011

BLM Technical Reference 1737-22
Riparian Restoration [USFS Report 0423-1201-SDTDC]
Eubanks
2004

BLM Technical Reference 1737-21
Riparian and Wetland Classification [Supersedes TR-1737-5]
Gebhardt
2005

BLM Technical Reference 1737-20
Grazing Management Processes and Strategies for Riparian-Wetland Areas
Wyman
2006

BLM Technical Reference 1737-19
Riparian-Wetland Soils
Lewis
2003

BLM Technical Reference 1737-18
Managing for Enhancement of Riparian and Wetland Areas of the Western United States: An Annotated Bibliography
Koehler and Thomas
2000

BLM Technical Reference 1737-17
A Guide to Managing, Restoring, and Conserving Springs in the Western United States
Silvey
2001

BLM Technical Reference 1737-16
Proper Functioning Condition Assessment for Lentic Areas [Supplements TR-1737-11]
Gonzalez and Smith
rev. 2020

BLM Technical Reference 1737-15
Riparian Area Management: Proper Functioning Condition Assessment for Lotic Areas, Second Edition , Errata
Dickard, et al.
rev. 2015

BLM Technical Reference 1737-14
Riparian Area Management: Grazing Management for Riparian-Wetland Areas [Supersedes TR-1737-4]
Leonard
1997

BLM Technical Reference 1737-13
Observing Physical and Biological Change Through Historical Photographs [Out of print]
Hindley
1996

BLM Technical Reference 1737-12
Using Aerial Photographs to Assess Proper Functioning Condition of Riparian-Wetland Areas
Prichard
1996

BLM Technical Reference 1737-11
Process for Assessing Proper Functioning for Lentic Riparian-Wetland Areas
Prichard
1994

BLM Technical Reference 1737-11S
Administración de áreas ribereñas: Proceso para evaluar la condición de funcionamiento adecuado de las áreas lénticas ribereñas y pantanosas
Prichard
1994

BLM Technical Reference 1737-10
Riparian Area Management: The Use of Aerial Photography to Manage Riparian-Wetland Areas [Supercedes TR-1737-2]
Clemmer
rev. 2001

BLM Technical Reference 1737-9
Riparian Area Management: Process for Assessing Proper Functioning Condition
Prichard
rev. 1998

BLM Technical Reference 1737-9S
Administración de áreas ribereñas, proceso para evaluar la condición de funcionamiento adecuado
Prichard
rev. 1995

BLM Technical Reference 1737-8 2nd edition
Monitoring the Vegetation Resources in Riparian Areas [USFS GTR-47; supersedes TR-1737-8 1993 version]
Winward
2000

BLM Technical Reference 1737-8
Riparian Area Management: Greenline Riparian-Wetland Monitoring [Updated by USFS GTR-47, see above]
Cagney
1993

BLM Technical Reference 1737-7
Riparian Area Management: Procedures for Ecological Site Inventory with Special Reference to Riparian-Wetland Sites
Leonard
1992

BLM Technical Reference 1737-6
Riparian Area Management: Management Techniques in Riparian Areas
Smith
1992

BLM Technical Reference 1737-5
Riparian and Wetland Classification Review [Superseded by TR-1737-21]
Prichard
1990

BLM Technical Reference 1737-4
Riparian Area Management: Grazing Management in Riparian Areas [Out of print; superseded by TR-1737-14]
Kinch
1989

BLM Technical Reference 1737-3
Riparian Area Management: Inventory and Monitoring of Riparian Areas [Out of print]
Myers
1989

BLM Technical Reference 1737-2
Riparian Area Management: The Use of Aerial Photography to Inventory and Monitor Riparian Areas [Out of print; superseded by TR-1737-10]
Batson
1987

BLM Technical Reference 1737-1
Riparian Area Management: A Selected, Annotated Bibliography of Riparian Area Management [Superseded by TR-1737-18]
Boyd
1987

STREAM CHANNEL CROSS SECTION SURVEYS AND DATA ANALYSIS (4341)

BLM Technical Reference 4341-1
Stream Channel Cross Section Surveys and Data Analysis: A Handbook for Using the CHANL and MCHANL Computer Programs and Gathering the Necessary Field Data [Superceded by BLM Tech. Note 387, XSPRO: A Channel Cross-Section Analyzer]
Parsons
1985

RANGELAND INVENTORY MONITORING AND EVALUATION (4400)

BLM Technical Reference 4400-9
Rangeland Inventory and Monitoring: Selected Bibliography of Remote Sensing Applications
BLM
1986

BLM Technical Reference 4400-8
Statistical Considerations in Rangeland Monitoring
Martinson
1992

BLM Technical Reference 4400-7
Rangeland Monitoring: Analysis, Interpretation and Evaluation
BLM
1985

BLM Technical Reference 4400-5
Rangeland Inventory and Monitoring: Supplemental Studies
Habich
1992

BLM Technical Reference 4400-4
Rangeland Monitoring: Trend Studies [Superceded by TR-1734-4]
Habich
1985

BLM Technical Reference 4400-3
Rangeland Monitoring: Utilization Studies [Superceded by TR-1734-3]
BLM
1984

BLM Technical Reference 4400-2
Rangeland Monitoring: Actual Use Studies
BLM
1984

BLM Technical Reference 4400-1
Rangeland Monitoring: Planning for Monitoring [Out of print; this information is included in BLM Handbook H-4400-1, Rangeland Monitoring and Evaluation]
BLM
1984

NATIONAL SCENIC AND HISTORIC TRAILS MANAGEMENT (6280)